If you're a farmer or just want to raise goats, sooner or later you may have baby goats to care for, particularly if you're raising them for milking. Providing a baby goat, or a "kid," with the right care will help it grow into a healthy, hearty adult goat.
This guide breaks down the most critical care tips related to managing the birth, learning what to feed the baby goat, and how to maintain its shelter.
What to Do Right After Birth
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Immediately after the baby goat is born, you should be present. This helps the baby goat imprint on you so it starts to get accustomed to human contact.
There are three main actions to take after its birth:
Care for the Umbilical Cord
Allow the umbilical cord to break naturally, and only trim it if it is longer than four inches. You will want the cord to be about three to four inches in length. If you need to trim the cord, use a sterilized pair of scissors, then clean the cord with iodine, and allow the stub to fall off naturally.
Let the Mother and Baby Bond
If possible, leave the baby goat with the mother. She will lick the baby clean, and the baby goat and its mother will bond. The mother goat will likely eat some of the afterbirth; that's fine. Your job is to stay and monitor the situation.
Feed the Baby Colostrum
Make sure the baby goat feeds from its mother within the first hour after birth. If the kid does not feed from its mother, you will need to bottle-feed it colostrum, the early milk that is high in nutrients and immune-building properties. Colostrum can come from its mother, another goat, or it can be purchased at a feed store.
Bottle Feeding vs Nursing
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Before the birth, make sure to decide whether you will bottle feed the baby goat or if you're going to have the mother raise and nurse the baby. The advantage of bottle-fed goats is that they are usually more attached to humans, tamer, and much less skittish. Even if you want to bottle-feed the baby goat, leave it with its mother for at least a few days so it can get the nutrient-rich colostrum into its system.
There are several advantages to having the mother nurse the baby, as well. It's less work on your part. There's no need to feed the baby and you won't need to milk the dam (another name for a mother goat). While it may not be overly friendly to humans, it won't jump on you or nip at your hands for feeding since it wasn't bottle fed.
How to Bottle Feed Your Goat
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If you decide to bottle feed, you will need to teach your baby goat to drink from a bottle.
Squirting milk into its mouth quickly helps it associate the bottle with milk. Baby goats should be fed at least four times a day for the first month, and then you can reduce the number of feedings to three. Follow the advice of your vet on the exact amounts of milk to feed and any other supplements needed.
If you plan to bottle feed, you will need a few items:
- Goat baby bottle
- Lamb or kid nipple
- Goat milk replacement formula
- Colostrum replacement (if necessary)
How to Let the Mother Feed Her Goat
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If you allow the mother to raise the baby goat, she will do all the work. For the first six to eight weeks the baby goat will drink from its mother. Then you can transition the young kid to hay and other foods. If you choose this route, you'll still want to spend lots of time cuddling and handling the baby goat so that it learns to tolerate human contact and does not end up skittish.
How to Transition From Milk to Solid Foods
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Goats are ruminant animals, which means they have a four-chamber stomach. The rumen is one of the chambers that needs a little help to develop as it begins to wean.
Weaning usually begins to happen at around four weeks of age, though it can happen at six to eight weeks of age. Follow these guidelines to help its development during this time:
- At one week, start offering small amounts of grain to help jump-start the baby goat's rumen development.
- At one month, offer hay, small amounts of grain, fresh water, and pasture time to a baby goat.
- Also at one month, slowly decrease the amount of milk (if bottle-feeding) you offer until your baby goat is eating just like the adult goats.
- As soon as possible, provide your kid (and adult goats) with loose goat minerals to support muscle growth and milk lactation. A mineral block may be too hard for a goat's soft tongue, but you can also offer one in addition to loose minerals.
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Hay Guidelines for Baby Goats
A goat's diet is mostly hay—around 80%—because the roughage helps its rumen function properly. But, ensure that your baby goat does not transition too fast to hay as that could cause bloating and digestive issues. Here's what to add to a goat's diet as it transitions:
- About 15% of the baby's diet should be pasture, weeds, or hay pellets (hay in a more digestible form).
- Only about 5% should be grain (known as goat feed).
Creating a Healthy Environment
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Baby goats need a draft-free, warm, and dry shelter with clean bedding. They also prefer a three-sided barn in warmer weather so they can have enough ventilation. Each goat needs roughly 10 square feet of space in the shelter. You can cover the dirt with hay or wood shavings for bedding.
Once a baby goat is on the pasture, the ground should be clean without too much manure or other wastes. Avoid a pasture growing azaleas or rhododendrons as these plants are poisonous to goats. Make certain you do not feed goats moldy grain, which can also make your goat sick.
Keep baby goats together and separate from other potentially aggressive adult goats, though you should socialize them on occasion with the rest of the herd and under a watchful eye. The babies may need a separate pasture from older, pushy goats to ensure that they stay safe and healthy for the long run.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long should you bottle feed a baby goat?
Goats need to be bottle-fed for about five to eight weeks. They need a bottle three to five times per day until they are two to two and a half times their birth weight and comfortable eating dry food.
Which shots do baby goats need?
In the U.S., goats raised for milk or meat must be vaccinated with CD-T, which protects against Clostridium perfringens types C and D and tetanus. Optional vaccines include those against CL (Caseious lymphandentitis), soremouth, rabies, footrot, and pneumonia.
Do baby goats need water or just milk?
Baby goats do drink water and should have access to it to sustain them between nursing or bottle feedings.
Do baby goats need a heat lamp?
Heat lamps can help baby goats regulate their body temperature, but they should only be used under supervision as they can create a real fire risk. Usually, the warmth it gets from its mother and towels will suffice. Using heat lamps is not necessary unless the temperature is below freezing.
How much milk do baby goats need?
Baby goats should be fed four ounces of milk for the first one to three days, eight to 12 ounces from day 4 to 14, and 16 ounces from two weeks until about four months.
